之前一直使用的是node v2.2.0版本,挺说新版本的node解决了npm安装插件产生文件夹结构过深的问题,所以就想更新试试;
上网一看才发现,尼玛的node已经到了6.+版本了,好吧,看来还是得跟上节奏;
但是呢,怎么更新node就成了个问题,卸载重装? 这样又会出现一些配置的麻烦;
经过一番查找发现:可以使用 nvm 管理不同版本的 node 与 npm;
nvm 是 Mac 下的 node 管理工具,有点类似管理 Ruby 的 rvm,如果是需要管理 Windows 下的 node,官方推荐是使用 nvmw 或 nvm-windows 。
接下来就记录一下我安装nvmw的具体过程和一些坑;(不要问我为什么选nvmw,因为穷叼不会用Mac,而-windows貌似有些问题)
百度了一早上,终于完成了node的升级,从头开始来吧,也整理了一下其中遇到的问题;
1、首先下载 nvmw https://github.com/hakobera/nvmw方法:git clone https://github.com/hakobera/nvmw.git;或者直接下载zip压缩包;由于本人的git不知道抽什么疯,clone的时候一直出现
如果有大神知道是什么问题,请评论留言;万分感谢;
2、配置环境变量复制nvmw路径,我的电脑右键→属性→高级系统设置→高级→环境变量这里我用户环境和系统环境都该了,照理说改系统环境就可以了;
这里有个坑,就是修改变量后要重新关闭CMD,重开一次,才能正常运用;
3、配置完后打开CMD,输入nvmw,如果正确配置的话可以查看帮助 百度的时候听说 nvmw install v6.9.2 无法安装成功; 我没试过,不过我用的是没有v的 nvmw install 6.9.2成功了;
4、不要高兴的太早,这才是刚刚开始;
第一个坑: 直接使用nvmw install 6.9.2 来安装新版本时提示:解决办法:这样的错误,原因是因为JS扩展名的文件被其他软件关联了,需要取消关联。 如系统中安装了ULTRAEDIT或者E钻加密软件等,就需要去掉关联; 或者如下解决方法: 在运行中输入“regedit”进入注册表, 只需要把[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\.js] 项下的那个默认值改成 "JSFile" 就可以正常运行JS 文件了。
第二个坑:
这货直接在天朝是使用不了的,好在这个外国作者也知道中国的国情。提供了如何设置淘宝镜像的方式 set "NVMW_NODEJS_ORG_MIRROR=http://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/node" set "NVMW_IOJS_ORG_MIRROR=http://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/iojs" set "NVMW_NPM_MIRROR=http://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/npm" 注:每次使用,都得重新在命令行中设置,或者可以这三个变量也设置到环境变量中,或改一下他的源码,把这三个变量写死。第三个坑:我是windows7系统,对应的是x64没错,但是在淘宝NPM镜像站和官方镜像站上对应的都是win-x64 ; 进入nvmw的程序目录。 1.修改nvmw.bat文件137行,x64改为win-x64 2.修改fget.js文件47行,XMLHTTP 更改为ServerXMLHTTP 其实有现成的修改版的nvmw.bat 一下就是代码,可以留个副本;1 @echo off 2 if not defined NVMW_HOME ( 3 set "NVMW_HOME=%~dp0" 4 ) 5 if not defined PATH_ORG ( 6 set "PATH_ORG=%PATH%" 7 ) 8 set IS64=FALSE 9 if exist "%PROGRAMFILES(X86)%" ( 10 set IS64=TRUE 11 ) 12 if %IS64% == TRUE ( 13 set OS_ARCH=x64 14 ) else ( 15 set OS_ARCH=x32 16 ) 17 if not defined NVMW_NODEJS_ORG_MIRROR ( 18 set "NVMW_NODEJS_ORG_MIRROR=https://nodejs.org/dist" 19 ) 20 if not defined NVMW_IOJS_ORG_MIRROR ( 21 set "NVMW_IOJS_ORG_MIRROR=https://iojs.org/dist" 22 ) 23 if "%1" == "install" if not "%2" == "" ( 24 call :install %2 %3 25 if not ERRORLEVEL == 1 call :use %2 %3 26 exit /b %ERRORLEVEL% 27 ) 28 if "%1" == "use" if not "%2" == "" ( 29 call :use %2 %3 30 exit /b %ERRORLEVEL% 31 ) 32 if "%1" == "ls" ( 33 call :ls 34 exit /b %ERRORLEVEL% 35 ) 36 if "%1" == "uninstall" if not "%2" == "" ( 37 call :uninstall %2 %3 38 exit /b %ERRORLEVEL% 39 ) 40 call :help 41 exit /b %ERRORLEVEL% 42 ::=========================================================== 43 :: help : Show help message 44 ::=========================================================== 45 :help 46 echo; 47 echo Node Version Manager for Windows 48 echo; 49 echo Usage: 50 echo nvmw help Show this message 51 echo nvmw install [version] [arch] Download and install a [version] 52 echo for [arch] architecture (optional) 53 echo nvmw uninstall [version] Uninstall a [version] 54 echo nvmw use [version] Modify PATH to use [version] 55 echo nvmw ls List installed versions 56 echo; 57 echo Example: 58 echo nvmw install v0.10.21 Install a specific version number of node.js 59 echo nvmw use v0.10.21 Use the specific version 60 echo nvmw install iojs Install the latest version of io.js 61 echo nvmw install iojs-v1.0.2 Install a specific version number of io.js 62 echo nvmw use iojs-v1.0.2 Use the specific version io.js 63 echo; 64 echo nvmw install v0.10.35 x86 Install a 32-bit version 65 exit /b 0 66 ::=========================================================== 67 :: install : Install specified version node and npm 68 ::=========================================================== 69 :install 70 setlocal 71 set ARCH=%OS_ARCH% 72 if not "%2" == "" ( 73 set ARCH=%2 74 :: x86, ia32 alias x32 75 if "%2" == "x86" ( 76 set ARCH=x32 77 ) 78 if "%2" == "ia32" ( 79 set ARCH=x32 80 ) 81 ) 82 set NODE_TYPE=node 83 set NODE_VERSION=%1 84 :: nvmw install iojs-v1.0.2 85 if "%NODE_VERSION:~4,1%" == "-" ( 86 for /f "tokens=1,2,* delims=-" %%a in ("%NODE_VERSION%") do ( 87 set NODE_TYPE=%%a 88 set NODE_VERSION=%%b 89 ) 90 ) 91 :: nvmw install iojs 92 if %NODE_VERSION% == iojs ( 93 set NODE_TYPE=iojs 94 set NODE_VERSION=latest 95 ) 96 :: nvmw install node 97 if %NODE_VERSION% == node ( 98 set NODE_TYPE=node 99 set NODE_VERSION=latest100 )101 :: iojs-1.0.0, iojs-latest102 if not %NODE_VERSION:~0,1% == v if not %NODE_VERSION:~0,1% == l (103 set NODE_VERSION=v%NODE_VERSION%104 )105 if %NODE_TYPE% == iojs (106 set DIST_URL=%%107 if %ARCH% == x32 (108 set NODE_EXE_URL=%NVMW_IOJS_ORG_MIRROR%/%NODE_VERSION%/win-x86/iojs.exe109 ) else (110 set NODE_EXE_URL=%NVMW_IOJS_ORG_MIRROR%/%NODE_VERSION%/win-x64/iojs.exe111 )112 ) else if %NODE_VERSION:~0,1% == 0 (113 if %ARCH% == x32 (114 set NODE_EXE_URL=%NVMW_NODEJS_ORG_MIRROR%/%NODE_VERSION%/node.exe115 ) else (116 set NODE_EXE_URL=%NVMW_NODEJS_ORG_MIRROR%/%NODE_VERSION%/x64/node.exe117 )118 ) else (119 if %ARCH% == x32 (120 set NODE_EXE_URL=%NVMW_NODEJS_ORG_MIRROR%/%NODE_VERSION%/win-x86/node.exe121 ) else (122 set NODE_EXE_URL=%NVMW_NODEJS_ORG_MIRROR%/%NODE_VERSION%/win-x64/node.exe123 )124 )125 set "NODE_HOME=%NVMW_HOME%%NODE_VERSION%"126 if %NODE_TYPE% == iojs (127 set "NODE_HOME=%NVMW_HOME%%NODE_TYPE%\%NODE_VERSION%"128 )129 if not %ARCH% == %OS_ARCH% (130 set "NODE_HOME=%NODE_HOME%-%ARCH%"131 )132 set "NODE_EXE_FILE=%NODE_HOME%\%NODE_TYPE%.exe"133 set "NPM_ZIP_FILE=%NODE_HOME%\npm.zip"134 if exist "%NODE_EXE_FILE%" (135 endlocal136 echo "%NODE_TYPE%/%NODE_VERSION% (%ARCH%)" already exists, please uninstall it first137 exit /b 1138 )139 mkdir "%NODE_HOME%"140 echo Start installing %NODE_TYPE%/%NODE_VERSION% (%ARCH%) to %NODE_HOME%141 cscript //nologo "%NVMW_HOME%\fget.js" %NODE_EXE_URL% "%NODE_EXE_FILE%"142 if not exist "%NODE_EXE_FILE%" (143 echo Download %NODE_EXE_FILE% from %NODE_EXE_URL% failed144 goto install_error145 ) else (146 if %NODE_TYPE% == iojs (147 copy "%NVMW_HOME%\alias-node.cmd" "%NODE_HOME%\node.cmd"148 )149 echo Start install npm150 "%NODE_EXE_FILE%" "%NVMW_HOME%\get_npm.js" "%NODE_HOME%" "%NODE_TYPE%/%NODE_VERSION%"151 if not exist "%NPM_ZIP_FILE%" goto install_error152 set "CD_ORG=%CD%"153 %~d0154 cd "%NODE_HOME%"155 echo Start unzip "%NPM_ZIP_FILE%" to "%NODE_HOME%"156 cscript //nologo "%NVMW_HOME%\unzip.js" "%NPM_ZIP_FILE%" "%NODE_HOME%"157 mkdir "%NODE_HOME%\node_modules"158 rmdir /s /q "%NODE_HOME%\node_modules\npm"159 move npm-* "%NODE_HOME%\node_modules\npm"160 copy "%NODE_HOME%\node_modules\npm\bin\npm.cmd" "%NODE_HOME%\npm.cmd"161 cd "%CD_ORG%"162 if not exist "%NODE_HOME%\npm.cmd" goto install_error163 echo npm install ok164 echo Finished165 endlocal166 exit /b 0167 )168 :install_error169 rd /Q /S "%NODE_HOME%"170 endlocal171 exit /b 1172 ::===========================================================173 :: uninstall : Uninstall specified version174 ::===========================================================175 :uninstall176 setlocal177 set ARCH=%OS_ARCH%178 if not "%2" == "" (179 set ARCH=%2180 :: x86, ia32 alias x32181 if "%2" == "x86" (182 set ARCH=x32183 )184 if "%2" == "ia32" (185 set ARCH=x32186 )187 )188 set NODE_TYPE=node189 set NODE_VERSION=%1190 if "%NODE_VERSION:~4,1%" == "-" (191 for /f "tokens=1,2,* delims=-" %%a in ("%NODE_VERSION%") do (192 set NODE_TYPE=%%a193 set NODE_VERSION=%%b194 )195 )196 :: nvmw uninstall iojs197 if %NODE_VERSION% == iojs (198 set NODE_TYPE=iojs199 set NODE_VERSION=latest200 )201 :: nvmw uninstall node202 if %NODE_VERSION% == node (203 set NODE_TYPE=node204 set NODE_VERSION=latest205 )206 if not %NODE_VERSION:~0,1% == v if not %NODE_VERSION:~0,1% == l (207 set NODE_VERSION=v%NODE_VERSION%208 )209 if "%NVMW_CURRENT_TYPE%" == "%NODE_TYPE%" if "%NVMW_CURRENT%" == "%NODE_VERSION%" if "%NVMW_CURRENT_ARCH%" == "%ARCH%" (210 echo Cannot uninstall currently-active %NODE_TYPE%/%NODE_VERSION% %ARCH%211 exit /b 1212 )213 set "NODE_HOME=%NVMW_HOME%%NODE_VERSION%"214 if %NODE_TYPE% == iojs (215 set "NODE_HOME=%NVMW_HOME%%NODE_TYPE%\%NODE_VERSION%"216 )217 if not %ARCH% == %OS_ARCH% (218 set "NODE_HOME=%NODE_HOME%-%ARCH%"219 )220 if not exist "%NODE_HOME%" (221 echo %NODE_TYPE%/%NODE_VERSION% %ARCH% is not installed222 exit /b 1223 ) else (224 rd /Q /S "%NODE_HOME%"225 if ERRORLEVEL == 1 (226 echo Cannot uninstall %NODE_TYPE%/%NODE_VERSION% %ARCH%227 exit /b 1228 ) else (229 echo Uninstalled %NODE_TYPE%/%NODE_VERSION% %ARCH%230 endlocal231 exit /b 0232 )233 )234 ::===========================================================235 :: use : Change current version236 ::===========================================================237 :use238 setlocal239 set ARCH=%OS_ARCH%240 if not "%2" == "" (241 set ARCH=%2242 :: x86, ia32 alias x32243 if "%2" == "x86" (244 set ARCH=x32245 )246 if "%2" == "ia32" (247 set ARCH=x32248 )249 )250 set NODE_TYPE=node251 set NODE_VERSION=%1252 if "%NODE_VERSION:~4,1%" == "-" (253 for /f "tokens=1,2,* delims=-" %%a in ("%NODE_VERSION%") do (254 set NODE_TYPE=%%a255 set NODE_VERSION=%%b256 )257 )258 :: nvmw use iojs259 if %NODE_VERSION% == iojs (260 set NODE_TYPE=iojs261 set NODE_VERSION=latest262 )263 :: nvmw use node264 if %NODE_VERSION% == node (265 set NODE_TYPE=node266 set NODE_VERSION=latest267 )268 if not %NODE_VERSION:~0,1% == v if not %NODE_VERSION:~0,1% == l (269 set NODE_VERSION=v%NODE_VERSION%270 )271 set "NODE_HOME=%NVMW_HOME%%NODE_VERSION%"272 if %NODE_TYPE% == iojs (273 set "NODE_HOME=%NVMW_HOME%%NODE_TYPE%\%NODE_VERSION%"274 )275 if not %ARCH% == %OS_ARCH% (276 set "NODE_HOME=%NODE_HOME%-%ARCH%"277 )278 if not exist "%NODE_HOME%" (279 echo %NODE_TYPE%/%NODE_VERSION% is not installed280 exit /b 1281 )282 endlocal283 set NVMW_CURRENT_ARCH=%OS_ARCH%284 if not "%2" == "" (285 set NVMW_CURRENT_ARCH=%2286 :: x86, ia32 alias x32287 if "%2" == "x86" (288 set NVMW_CURRENT_ARCH=x32289 )290 if "%2" == "ia32" (291 set NVMW_CURRENT_ARCH=x32292 )293 )294 set NVMW_CURRENT_TYPE=node295 set NVMW_CURRENT=%1296 if "%NVMW_CURRENT:~4,1%" == "-" (297 for /f "tokens=1,2,* delims=-" %%a in ("%NVMW_CURRENT%") do (298 set NVMW_CURRENT_TYPE=%%a299 set NVMW_CURRENT=%%b300 )301 )302 if %NVMW_CURRENT% == iojs (303 set NVMW_CURRENT_TYPE=iojs304 set NVMW_CURRENT=latest305 )306 if %NVMW_CURRENT% == node (307 set NVMW_CURRENT_TYPE=node308 set NVMW_CURRENT=latest309 )310 if not %NVMW_CURRENT:~0,1% == v if not %NVMW_CURRENT:~0,1% == l (311 set NVMW_CURRENT=v%NVMW_CURRENT%312 )313 echo Now using %NVMW_CURRENT_TYPE% %NVMW_CURRENT% %NVMW_CURRENT_ARCH%314 set "NODE_HOME=%NVMW_HOME%%NODE_VERSION%"315 if %NVMW_CURRENT_TYPE% == iojs (316 set "NODE_HOME=%NVMW_HOME%%NODE_TYPE%\%NODE_VERSION%"317 )318 if not %NVMW_CURRENT_ARCH% == %OS_ARCH% (319 set NVMW_CURRENT_ARCH_PADDING=-%NVMW_CURRENT_ARCH%320 ) else (321 set NVMW_CURRENT_ARCH_PADDING=322 )323 if %NVMW_CURRENT_TYPE% == iojs (324 set "PATH=%NVMW_HOME%;%NVMW_HOME%%NVMW_CURRENT_TYPE%\%NVMW_CURRENT%%NVMW_CURRENT_ARCH_PADDING%;%PATH_ORG%"325 set "NODE_PATH=%NVMW_HOME%%NVMW_CURRENT_TYPE%\%NVMW_CURRENT%%NVMW_CURRENT_ARCH_PADDING%\node_modules"326 ) else (327 set "PATH=%NVMW_HOME%;%NVMW_HOME%\%NVMW_CURRENT%%NVMW_CURRENT_ARCH_PADDING%;%PATH_ORG%"328 set "NODE_PATH=%NVMW_HOME%\%NVMW_CURRENT%%NVMW_CURRENT_ARCH_PADDING%\node_modules"329 )330 exit /b 0331 ::===========================================================332 :: ls : List installed versions333 ::===========================================================334 :ls335 setlocal336 echo node:337 if exist "%NVMW_HOME%" (338 dir "%NVMW_HOME%v*" /b /ad339 )340 echo;341 echo iojs:342 if exist "%NVMW_HOME%iojs" (343 dir "%NVMW_HOME%iojs\*" /b /ad344 )345 echo;346 if not defined NVMW_CURRENT (347 set NVMW_CURRENT_V=none348 ) else (349 set NVMW_CURRENT_V=%NVMW_CURRENT%350 )351 echo Current: %NVMW_CURRENT_TYPE%/%NVMW_CURRENT_V% %NVMW_CURRENT_ARCH%352 endlocal353 exit /b 0
第四个坑:更新node到4.0及以上的时候会出现安装失败 提示 node v6.9.2 does not include npm;
办法: https://github.com/hakobera/nvmw/issues/58 https://my.oschina.net/bakuman/blog/637316 http://blog.5ibc.net/p/49266.html 按文章内容修改了nvmw.bat,然后手动下载npm-master.zip并改名为npm.zip后放到nvmw目录下新建的v4.4.0目录下,然后重新的执行 nvmw install 4.4.0,终于安装成功。(CMD执行 nvmw install 6.9.2的时候会在nvmw安装目录中生产一个对应版本的文件夹,这时候把npm.zip压缩包放进去,就能完成升级);这样我们就可以控制nodejs的版本了,我的天,真心的麻烦~~
最后一步,我们可以使用 npm install npm -g 来获得新版的npm了;
总算大功告成,大多数的解决办法都是从网上找到的;
2017.02.22补充说明;
使用nvmw install 版本号 安装了之后,并不会马上转变成安装的版本,
需要使用nvmw use v6.9.2 (版本号看个人需求)进行版本的转换,install只是保存到本地供版本替换使用;
下面是参考链接:
http://www.tuicool.com/articles/Vzquy2
http://blog.csdn.net/duanyachao/article/details/51822015
http://www.wtoutiao.com/p/193HWBp.html
https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000004855835
https://my.oschina.net/bakuman/blog/637316
http://blog.5ibc.net/p/49266.html
https://github.com/hakobera/nvmw/issues/58
好了,希望能帮到需要的同学们。
2017.01.06
2018.10.11
换win10的环境后安装没有这么多的麻烦了,具体参考:https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000004855835
其中第三点.修改get_npm.js文件42行路径,其实为
使用nvmw install 5.9.1安装特定版本node时,最后会提示D:\nvmw\v5.9.1\node.exe - 另一个程序正在使用此文件,进程无法访问。
但是实质上是安装成功的
nvmw use 5.9.1
node -v
可以查看node版本已经切换为特定版本了